Label: TADALAFIL tablet, film coated

There were no outliers on tadalafil 5 mg and two on placebo following the first dose of doxazosin 4 mg due to a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP of >30 mm Hg. There were two episodes of syncope in this study, one subject following a dose of tadalafil 5 mg alone, and another subject following coadministration of tadalafil 5 mg and doxazosin 4 mg. Tamsulosin - In the first tamsulosin study, a single oral dose of tadalafil 10 mg, 20 mg, or placebo was administered in a 3 period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking 0.4 mg once per day tamsulosin, a selective alpha[1A]-adrenergic blocker (N=18 subjects). Tadalafil or placebo was administered 2 hours after tamsulosin following a minimum of seven days of tamsulosin dosing.

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Table 8: Tamsulosin (0.4 mg/day) Study 1: Mean Maximal Decrease (95% CI) in Systolic Blood Pressure Blood pressure was measured manually at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo dosing. In the second tamsulosin study, healthy subjects (N=39 treated; and 35 completed) received 14 days of once per day dosing of tadalafil 5 mg or placebo in a two-period crossover design. Daily dosing of tamsulosin 0.4 mg was added for the last seven days of each period. Table 9: Tamsulosin Study 2: Mean Maximal Decrease (95% CI) in Systolic Blood Pressure Blood pressure was measured manually pre-dose at two time points (-30 minutes and -15 minutes) and then at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours post dose on the first, sixth and seventh days of tamsulosin administration. Alfuzosin — A single oral dose of tadalafil 20 mg or placebo was administered in a 2-period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking once-daily alfuzosin HCl 10 mg extended-release tablets, an alpha[1]-adrenergic blocker (N=17 completed subjects). Tadalafil or placebo was administered 4 hours after alfuzosin following a minimum of seven days of alfuzosin dosing. Table 10: Alfuzosin (10 mg/day) Study: Mean Maximal Decrease (95% CI) in Systolic Blood Pressure Blood pressure was measured manually at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 20 hours, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo dosing.

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Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Antihypertensives Amlodipine - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of amlodipine (5 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg.

2.6 Use in Specific Populations

There were no outliers on tadalafil 5 mg and two on placebo following the first dose of doxazosin 4 mg due to a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP of >30 mm Hg. There were two episodes of syncope in this study, one subject following a dose of tadalafil 5 mg alone, and another subject following coadministration of tadalafil 5 mg and doxazosin 4 mg. Tamsulosin - In the first tamsulosin study, a single oral dose of tadalafil 10 mg, 20 mg, or placebo was administered in a 3 period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking 0.4 mg once per day tamsulosin, a selective alpha[1A]-adrenergic blocker (N=18 subjects). Tadalafil or placebo was administered 2 hours after tamsulosin following a minimum of seven days of tamsulosin dosing. Table 8: Tamsulosin (0.4 mg/day) Study 1: Mean Maximal Decrease (95% CI) in Systolic Blood Pressure Blood pressure was measured manually at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo dosing.

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In the second tamsulosin study, healthy subjects (N=39 treated; and 35 completed) received 14 days of once per day dosing of tadalafil 5 mg or placebo in a two-period crossover design. Daily dosing of tamsulosin 0.4 mg was added for the last seven days of each period. Table 9: Tamsulosin Study 2: Mean Maximal Decrease (95% CI) in Systolic Blood Pressure Blood pressure was measured manually pre-dose at two time points (-30 minutes and -15 minutes) and then at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours post dose on the first, sixth and seventh days of tamsulosin administration. Alfuzosin — A single oral dose of tadalafil 20 mg or placebo was administered in a 2-period, crossover design to healthy subjects taking once-daily alfuzosin HCl 10 mg extended-release tablets, an alpha[1]-adrenergic blocker (N=17 completed subjects). Tadalafil or placebo was administered 4 hours after alfuzosin following a minimum of seven days of alfuzosin dosing.

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Table 10: Alfuzosin (10 mg/day) Study: Mean Maximal Decrease (95% CI) in Systolic Blood Pressure Blood pressure was measured manually at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 20 hours, and 24 hours after tadalafil or placebo dosing. Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Antihypertensives Amlodipine - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of amlodipine (5 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. In a similar study using tadalafil 20 mg, there were no clinically significant differences between tadalafil and placebo in subjects taking amlodipine. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (with and without other antihypertensives) - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of angiotensin II receptor blockers and tadalafil 20 mg. Following dosing, ambulatory measurements of blood pressure revealed differences between tadalafil and placebo of 8 mm Hg/4 mm Hg in systolic/diastolic blood pressure. In a similar study using tadalafil 20 mg, there were no clinically significant differences between tadalafil and placebo in subjects taking amlodipine. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (with and without other antihypertensives) - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of angiotensin II receptor blockers and tadalafil 20 mg. Following dosing, ambulatory measurements of blood pressure revealed differences between tadalafil and placebo of 8 mm Hg/4 mm Hg in systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Bendrofluazide - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of bendrofluazide (2.5 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking bendrofluazide was 6 mm Hg/4 mm Hg, compared to placebo. Enalapril - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of enalapril (10 mg to 20 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking enalapril was 4 mm Hg/1 mm Hg, compared to placebo.

Metoprolol - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of sustained-release metoprolol (25 mg to 200 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking metoprolol was 5 mm Hg/3 mm Hg, compared to placebo.

5.8 Hepatic Impairment

The effect of a single 100-mg dose of tadalafil on the QT interval was evaluated at the time of peak tadalafil concentration in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo, and active (intravenous ibutilide) -controlled crossover study in 90 healthy males aged 18 to 53 years. In this study, the mean increase in heart rate associated with a 100-mg dose of tadalafil compared to placebo was 3.1 beats per minute. Over a dose range of 2.5 mg to 20 mg, tadalafil exposure (AUC) increases proportionally with dose in healthy subjects. Mean tadalafil concentrations measured after the administration of a single oral dose of 20 mg and single and once daily multiple doses of 5 mg, from a separate study, (see Figure 4) to healthy male subjects are depicted in Figure 4. Figure 4: Plasma tadalafil concentrations (mean ± SD) following a single 20-mg tadalafil dose and single and once daily multiple doses of 5 mg Absorption - After single oral-dose administration, the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of tadalafil is achieved between 30 minutes and 6 hours (median time of 2 hours).

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Absolute bioavailability of tadalafil following oral dosing has not been determined. The rate and extent of absorption of tadalafil are not influenced by food; thus tadalafil tablets may be taken with or without food. Distribution - The mean apparent volume of distribution following oral administration is approximately 63 L, indicating that tadalafil is distributed into tissues. At therapeutic concentrations, 94% of tadalafil in plasma is bound to proteins. Less than 0.0005% of the administered dose appeared in the semen of healthy subjects.

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Metabolism - Tadalafil is predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 to a catechol metabolite. In vitro data suggests that metabolites are not expected to be pharmacologically active at observed metabolite concentrations. Excretion - The mean oral clearance for tadalafil is 2.5 L/hr and the mean terminal half-life is 17.5 hours in healthy subjects. Tadalafil is excreted predominantly as metabolites, mainly in the feces (approximately 61% of the dose) and to a lesser extent in the urine (approximately 36% of the dose). Geriatric - Healthy male elderly subjects (65 years or over) had a lower oral clearance of tadalafil, resulting in 25% higher exposure (AUC) with no effect on Cmax relative to that observed in healthy subjects 19 to 45 years of age. Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Alcohol Alcohol and PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, are mild systemic vasodilators. When tadalafil 20 mg was administered with a lower dose of alcohol (0.6 g/kg, which is equivalent to approximately 4 ounces of 80-proof vodka, administered in less than 10 minutes), orthostatic hypotension was not observed, dizziness occurred with similar frequency to alcohol alone, and the hypotensive effects of alcohol were not potentiated.

Tadalafil did not affect alcohol plasma concentrations and alcohol did not affect tadalafil plasma concentrations. The effects of tadalafil on cardiac function, hemodynamics, and exercise tolerance were investigated in a single clinical pharmacology study.

5.3 Prolonged Erection

Bendrofluazide - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of bendrofluazide (2.5 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking bendrofluazide was 6 mm Hg/4 mm Hg, compared to placebo. Enalapril - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of enalapril (10 mg to 20 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg. Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking enalapril was 4 mm Hg/1 mm Hg, compared to placebo. Metoprolol - A study was conducted to assess the interaction of sustained-release metoprolol (25 mg to 200 mg daily) and tadalafil 10 mg.

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Following dosing, the mean reduction in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressure due to tadalafil 10 mg in subjects taking metoprolol was 5 mm Hg/3 mm Hg, compared to placebo. Effects on Blood Pressure When Administered with Alcohol Alcohol and PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, are mild systemic vasodilators. When tadalafil 20 mg was administered with a lower dose of alcohol (0.6 g/kg, which is equivalent to approximately 4 ounces of 80-proof vodka, administered in less than 10 minutes), orthostatic hypotension was not observed, dizziness occurred with similar frequency to alcohol alone, and the hypotensive effects of alcohol were not potentiated. Tadalafil did not affect alcohol plasma concentrations and alcohol did not affect tadalafil plasma concentrations. The effects of tadalafil on cardiac function, hemodynamics, and exercise tolerance were investigated in a single clinical pharmacology study.

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Of note, in this study, in some subjects who received tadalafil followed by sublingual nitroglycerin in the post-exercise period, clinically significant reductions in blood pressure were observed, consistent with the augmentation by tadalafil of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of nitrates. Single oral doses of phosphodiesterase inhibitors have demonstrated transient dose-related impairment of color discrimination (blue/green), using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, with peak effects near the time of peak plasma levels. Across all clinical studies with tadalafil tablets, reports of changes in color vision were rare (<0.1% of patients). Three studies were conducted in men cenforce viagra to assess the potential effect on sperm characteristics of tadalafil 10 mg (one 6 month study) and 20 mg (one 6 month and one 9 month study) administered daily. In addition there was no adverse effect on mean concentrations of reproductive hormones, testosterone, luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone with either 10 mg or 20 mg of tadalafil compared to placebo. Of note, in this study, in some subjects who received tadalafil followed by sublingual nitroglycerin in the post-exercise period, clinically significant reductions in blood pressure were observed, consistent with the augmentation by tadalafil of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of nitrates. Single oral doses of phosphodiesterase inhibitors have demonstrated transient dose-related impairment of color discrimination (blue/green), using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, with peak effects near the time of peak plasma levels. Across all clinical studies with tadalafil tablets, reports of changes in color vision were rare (<0.1% of patients).

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However, greater sensitivity to medications in some older individuals should be considered [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus - In male patients with diabetes mellitus after a 10 mg tadalafil dose, exposure (AUC) was reduced approximately 19% and Cmax was 5% lower than that observed in healthy subjects. Patients with BPH - In patients with BPH following single and multiple-doses of 20 mg tadalafil, no statistically significant differences in exposure (AUC and Cmax) were observed between elderly (70 to 85 years) and younger (≤60 years of age) subjects. 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityCarcinogenesis - Tadalafil was not carcinogenic to rats or mice when administered daily for 2 years at doses up to 400 mg/kg/day. Systemic drug exposures, as measured by AUC of unbound tadalafil, were approximately 10-fold for mice, and 14- and 26-fold for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures in human males given Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 20 mg.Mutagenesis - Tadalafil was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial Ames assays or the forward mutation test in mouse lymphoma cells.

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Tadalafil was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human lymphocytes or the in vivo rat micronucleus assays.Impairment of Fertility - There were no effects on fertility, reproductive performance or reproductive organ morphology in male or female rats given oral doses of tadalafil up to 400 mg/kg/day, a dose producing AUCs for unbound tadalafil of 14-fold for males or 26-fold for females the exposures observed in human males given the MRHD of 20 mg. In beagle dogs given tadalafil daily for 3 months to 12 months, there was treatment-related non-reversible degeneration and atrophy of the seminiferous tubular epithelium in the testes in 20% to 100% of the dogs that resulted in a decrease in spermatogenesis in 40% to 75% of the dogs at doses of ≥10 mg/kg/day.

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Three studies were conducted in men cenforce viagra to assess the potential effect on sperm characteristics of tadalafil 10 mg (one 6 month study) and 20 mg (one 6 month and one 9 month study) administered daily. In addition there was no adverse effect on mean concentrations of reproductive hormones, testosterone, luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone with either 10 mg or 20 mg of tadalafil compared to placebo. The effect of a single 100-mg dose of tadalafil on the QT interval was evaluated at the time of peak tadalafil concentration in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo, and active (intravenous ibutilide) -controlled crossover study in 90 healthy males aged 18 to 53 years. In this study, the mean increase in heart rate associated with a 100-mg dose of tadalafil compared to placebo was 3.1 beats per minute. Over a dose range of 2.5 mg to 20 mg, tadalafil exposure (AUC) increases proportionally with dose in healthy subjects. Mean tadalafil concentrations measured after the administration of a single oral dose of 20 mg and single and once daily multiple doses of 5 mg, from a separate study, (see Figure 4) to healthy male subjects are depicted in Figure 4. Figure 4: Plasma tadalafil concentrations (mean ± SD) following a single 20-mg tadalafil dose and single and once daily multiple doses of 5 mg Absorption - After single oral-dose administration, the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of tadalafil is achieved between 30 minutes and 6 hours (median time of 2 hours). Absolute bioavailability of tadalafil following oral dosing has not been determined. The rate and extent of absorption of tadalafil are not influenced by food; thus tadalafil tablets may be taken with or without food. Distribution - The mean apparent volume of distribution following oral administration is approximately 63 L, indicating that tadalafil is distributed into tissues. At therapeutic concentrations, 94% of tadalafil in plasma is bound to proteins.

Less than 0.0005% of the administered dose appeared in the semen of healthy subjects. Metabolism - Tadalafil is predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 to a catechol metabolite. In vitro data suggests that metabolites are not expected to be pharmacologically active at observed metabolite concentrations. Excretion - The mean oral clearance for tadalafil is 2.5 L/hr and the mean terminal half-life is 17.5 hours in healthy subjects. Tadalafil is excreted predominantly as metabolites, mainly in the feces (approximately 61% of the dose) and to a lesser extent in the urine (approximately 36% of the dose). Geriatric - Healthy male elderly subjects (65 years or over) had a lower oral clearance of tadalafil, resulting in 25% higher exposure (AUC) with no effect on Cmax relative to that observed in healthy subjects 19 to 45 years of age. However, greater sensitivity to medications in some older individuals should be considered [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus - In male patients with diabetes mellitus after a 10 mg tadalafil dose, exposure (AUC) was reduced approximately 19% and Cmax was 5% lower than that observed in healthy subjects. Patients with BPH - In patients with BPH following single and multiple-doses of 20 mg tadalafil, no statistically significant differences in exposure (AUC and Cmax) were observed between elderly (70 to 85 years) and younger (≤60 years of age) subjects. 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityCarcinogenesis - Tadalafil was not carcinogenic to rats or mice when administered daily for 2 years at doses up to 400 mg/kg/day. Systemic drug exposures, as measured by AUC of unbound tadalafil, were approximately 10-fold for mice, and 14- and 26-fold for male and female rats, respectively, the exposures in human males given Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) of 20 mg.Mutagenesis - Tadalafil was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial Ames assays or the forward mutation test in mouse lymphoma cells. Tadalafil was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human lymphocytes or the in vivo rat micronucleus assays.Impairment of Fertility - There were no effects on fertility, reproductive performance or reproductive organ morphology in male or female rats given oral doses of tadalafil up to 400 mg/kg/day, a dose producing AUCs for unbound tadalafil of 14-fold for males or 26-fold for females the exposures observed in human males given the MRHD of 20 mg. In beagle dogs given tadalafil daily for 3 months to 12 months, there was treatment-related non-reversible degeneration and atrophy of the seminiferous tubular epithelium in the testes in 20% to 100% of the dogs that resulted in a decrease in spermatogenesis in 40% to 75% of the dogs at doses of ≥10 mg/kg/day.